下面罗列出来的都是常用命令,若想查询更多 ➡️:https://man.linuxde.net/
1.系统信息
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| arch uname -m uname -r dmidecode -q hdparm -i /dev/hda hdparm -tT /dev/sda cat /proc/cpuinfo cat /proc/interrupts cat /proc/meminfo cat /proc/swaps cat /proc/version cat /proc/net/dev cat /proc/mounts lspci -tv lsusb -tv date cal 2007 date 041217002007.00 clock -w
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2.关机
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| (系统的关机、重启以及登出 ) shutdown -h now init 0 telinit 0 shutdown -h hours:minutes & shutdown -c shutdown -r now reboot logout
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3.文件和目录
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| cd /home cd .. cd ../.. cd cd ~user1 cd - pwd ls ls -F ls -l ls -a ls *[0-9]* tree lstree mkdir dir1 mkdir dir1 dir2 mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 rm -f file1 rmdir dir1 rm -rf dir1 rm -rf dir1 dir2 mv dir1 new_dir cp file1 file2 cp dir/* . cp -a /tmp/dir1 . cp -a dir1 dir2 ln -s file1 lnk1 ln file1 lnk1 touch -t 0712250000 file1 file filename iconv -l echo $LANG iconv -f UTF-8 -t GBK file1 -o file2 find . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert "{}" -resize 80x60 "thumbs/{}" \; batch
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4.文件搜索
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| find / -name file1 find / -user user1 find /home/user1 -name \*.bin find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 find / -name \*.rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}' \; find / -xdev -name \*.rpm locate \*.ps whereis halt which halt
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5.挂载一个文件系统
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| mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 umount /dev/hda2 fuser -km /mnt/hda2 umount -n /mnt/hda2 mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share
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6.磁盘空间
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| df -h ls -lSr |more du -sh dir1 du -sk * | sort -rn rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' | sort -k1,1n dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' | sort -k1,1n
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7.用户和群组
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| groupadd group_name groupdel group_name groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name useradd -c "Name Surname " -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1 useradd user1 userdel -r user1 usermod -c "User FTP" -g system -d /ftp/user1 -s /bin/nologin user1 passwd passwd user1 chage -E 2005-12-31 user1 pwck grpck newgrp group_name
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8.文件的权限
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| ls -lh ls /tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS chmod ugo+rwx directory1 chmod go-rwx directory1 chown user1 file1 chown -R user1 directory1 chgrp group1 file1 chown user1:group1 file1 find / -perm -u+s chmod u+s /bin/file1 chmod u-s /bin/file1 chmod g+s /home/public chmod g-s /home/public chmod o+t /home/public chmod o-t /home/public
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9.文件的特殊属性
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| chattr +a file1 chattr +c file1 chattr +d file1 chattr +i file1 chattr +s file1 chattr +S file1 chattr +u file1 lsattr
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10.打包和压缩文件
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| bunzip2 file1.bz2 bzip2 file1 gunzip file1.gz gzip file1 gzip -9 file1 rar a file1.rar test_file rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 rar x file1.rar unrar x file1.rar tar -cvf archive.tar file1 tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 tar -tf archive.tar tar -xvf archive.tar tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1 tar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2 tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 tar -xvfz archive.tar.gz zip file1.zip file1 zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 unzip file1.zip
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11.RPM 包
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| - (Fedora, Redhat及类似系统) rpm -ivh package.rpm rpm -ivh --nodeeps package.rpm rpm -U package.rpm rpm -F package.rpm rpm -e package_name.rpm rpm -qa rpm -qa | grep httpd rpm -qi package_name rpm -qg "System Environment/Daemons" rpm -ql package_name rpm -qc package_name rpm -q package_name --whatrequires rpm -q package_name --whatprovides rpm -q package_name --scripts rpm -q package_name --changelog rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf rpm -qp package.rpm -l rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY rpm --checksig package.rpm rpm -qa gpg-pubkey rpm -V package_name rpm -Va rpm -Vp package.rpm rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories *bin* rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src.rpm
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12.YUM 软件包升级器
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| - (Fedora, RedHat及类似系统) yum install package_name yum localinstall package_name.rpm yum update package_name.rpm yum update package_name yum remove package_name yum list yum search package_name yum clean packages yum clean headers yum clean all
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13.DEB 包
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| (Debian, Ubuntu 以及类似系统) dpkg -i package.deb dpkg -r package_name dpkg -l dpkg -l | grep httpd dpkg -s package_name dpkg -L package_name dpkg --contents package.deb dpkg -S /bin/ping
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14.APT 软件工具
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| (Debian, Ubuntu 以及类似系统) apt-get install package_name apt-cdrom install package_name apt-get update apt-get upgrade apt-get remove package_name apt-get check apt-get clean apt-cache search searched-package
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15.查看文件内容
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| cat file1 tac file1 more file1 less file1 head -2 file1 tail -2 file1 tail -f /var/log/messages
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16.文本处理
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| cat file1 file2 cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) > result.txt cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) >> result.txt grep Aug /var/log/messages grep ^Aug /var/log/messages grep [0-9] /var/log/messages grep Aug -R /var/log/* sed 's/stringa1/stringa2/g' sed '/^$/d' example.txt sed '/ *#/d; /^$/d' echo 'esempio' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' sed -e '1d' result.txt sed -n '/stringa1/p' sed -e 's/ *$//' example.txt sed -e 's/stringa1//g' example.txt sed -n '1,5p;5q' example.txt sed -n '5p;5q' example.txt sed -e 's/00*/0/g' example.txt cat -n file1 cat example.txt | awk 'NR%2==1' echo a b c | awk '{print $1}' echo a b c | awk '{print $1,$3}' paste file1 file2 paste -d '+' file1 file2 sort file1 file2 sort file1 file2 | uniq sort file1 file2 | uniq -u sort file1 file2 | uniq -d comm -1 file1 file2 comm -2 file1 file2 comm -3 file1 file2
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17.字符设置和文件格式转换
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| dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt recode ..HTML < page.txt > page.html recode -l | more
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18.文件系统分析
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| badblocks -v /dev/hda1 fsck /dev/hda1 fsck.ext2 /dev/hda1 e2fsck /dev/hda1 e2fsck -j /dev/hda1 fsck.ext3 /dev/hda1 fsck.vfat /dev/hda1 fsck.msdos /dev/hda1 dosfsck /dev/hda1
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19.初始化一个文件系统
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| mkfs /dev/hda1 mke2fs /dev/hda1 mke2fs -j /dev/hda1 mkfs -t vfat 32 -F /dev/hda1 fdformat -n /dev/fd0 mkswap /dev/hda3
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20.SWAP 文件系统
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| mkswap /dev/hda3 swapon /dev/hda3 swapon /dev/hda2 /dev/hdb3
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21.备份
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| dump -0aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home dump -1aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home restore -if /tmp/home0.bak rsync -rogpav --delete /home /tmp rsync -rogpav -e ssh --delete /home ip_address:/tmp rsync -az -e ssh --delete ip_addr:/home/public /home/local rsync -az -e ssh --delete /home/local ip_addr:/home/public dd bs=1M if=/dev/hda | gzip | ssh user@ip_addr 'dd of=hda.gz' dd if=/dev/sda of=/tmp/file1 备份磁盘内容到一个文件 tar -Puf backup.tar /home/user 执行一次对 '/home/user' ( cd /tmp/local/ && tar c . ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/share/ && tar x -p' ( tar c /home ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/backup-home && tar x -p' tar cf - . | (cd /tmp/backup ; tar xf - )
find /home/user1 -name '*.txt' | xargs cp -av --target-directory=/home/backup/ --parents
find /var/log -name '*.log' | tar cv --files-from=- | bzip2 > log.tar.bz2 dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1 dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1
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22.光盘
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| mkisofs /dev/cdrom > cd.iso mkisofs /dev/cdrom | gzip > cd_iso.gz mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V "Label CD" -iso-level 4 -o ./cd.iso data_cd cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom cd.iso gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom - mount -o loop cd.iso /mnt/iso cd-paranoia -B cd-paranoia -- "-3" cdrecord --scanbus cdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force dd if=/dev/hdc | md5sum
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